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????
?? 2024? 2? 7? 14? 00?

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???: ?

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?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ‘give credit’
?? ??? ?? ?? ????
??? ??? ?? ??

??? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ? ?? ?????. ???? ‘???? ?? ?? ?? ??’?? ?????. ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ? ?? ??? ?? 7?? ????? ???? ? ????.

????? ??
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2023? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??. ??? ??? ????

I proudly stand by my work and its impact on the field.”
(? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???)

?(反)???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????.

???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ‘stand by’? ??? ?? ????. ?? ‘??????’?? ?? ????. ???? ‘bystander’(?????)?? ???. ???? ‘????’?? ??? ‘????’?? ?? ????. ?? ???? ??? ‘??’(by) ‘??’(stand)?? ‘?? ???’ ‘????’?? ????. ???? ? ????. ??? ???? ????.

??? ??? ?? ?? ??????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ‘citation’(??) ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???. “She paraphrased or reproduced the language of others without quotation marks and without sufficient and clear crediting of sources”(?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????). ?? ??? ??? ?? ‘credit the source’ ‘cite the source’?? ???.

?? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ‘plagiarism’(??????)? ??? ???? ‘kidnap’(????)??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ‘????’?? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????.

2022? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??. ????? ????

The report identified some areas where I should have done better, and I accept the report’s conclusions.”
(???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????, ?? ???? ??? ????)

??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ?? ?? ??, ? ????? ?? ? ?????? ??????. ?? ??? ? 1999? ?? ?? 200? ?? ?? ???????. ? ??? 12?? ?? ??? 5??? ??? ?? ? ‘??? ??’(serious flaws)? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ? ?? 5? ? 3?? ???? 2?? ????? ????.

?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????. ‘?? ??? ????’?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ‘?? ??’ ‘?? ??’ ‘??? ??’ ‘?? ??’ ‘??? ?’ ? ???? ?? A4 ?? 2?? ?? ??? ????. ‘should have done better’? ‘? ???? ??’?? ??? ?? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????. “Standford needs a president whose leadership is not hampered by such discussions.”(??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????)

?? ??? ??? ?? ????? 1?? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ‘???? ???’ ?? ??? 1? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????. “What we were really careful about was trying to quote as few Stanford people as possible.”(????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????)

I was searching for words about resilience in adversity and when they were transcribed into the speech, I failed to ensure its attribution.”
(?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???, ? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ???)

??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? “??? ??? ???”?? ??? ??? ???. ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??????.

?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ‘??’???. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? 2021? ?? ?????. “I know that life is not fair and that you will fail often. But if you take some risks, step up when the times are toughest, face down the bullies, lift up the downtrodden and never, ever give up — if you do these things, then the next generation and the generations that follow will live in a world far better than the one we have today.”(?? ???? ??? ?? ??. ???? ?? ??? ???. ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ?????, ?? ??? ?? ??? ????, ??? ???? ??? ??, ?? ???? ?? – ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ???)

??? ??? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ?????. ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ?? ? 2014? ???? ?????? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? 1300? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ? ‘University of South Carolina’(?????????)? ‘University of California’(??????)?? ?? ??? ??? ??????.

?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ‘citation’(????)? ‘attribution’(?????)?? ????. ‘citation’? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????, ‘attribution’? “?? ??? ? ?? ?? ???”?? ??? ???? ?? ?????. ‘in adversity’(?????)? ‘?? ???’?? ???, ‘resilience’(??)? ??? ‘??? ???? ?’? ????.

2015? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??. ?? ??? ????

He had engaged in research misconduct, namely, plagiarism, by knowingly, intentionally, or recklessly appropriating the ideas, processes, results or words of Complainants without giving them appropriate credit.”
(???, ?????, ?? ????? ??? ??, ??, ?? ?? ???? ????, ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????)

?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ????????????(NEJM)? ?????.

?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????. 20???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????. ??? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ?1 ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?, ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ?? ?? ??? 2018? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ‘idea plagiarism’(???? ??)??? ????.

??? ??

?? ?? ? ??? ‘???? ?? ????’ ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ??. ????????(HBCU) ????

1963? ?? ?? ? ??? ‘I have a dream’(???? ?? ????) ??? ?? ??? ??? ????. ‘I have a dream’??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????. ? ??? ???? ??? 8?? ??? ????. ‘I have a dream’ ??? ????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ???. ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ????. ‘I have a dream’ ??? ?????? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ?????.

From every mountainside, let freedom ring.”
(?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??)

? ??? ????, ??, ??????, ????, ????? ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ‘??? ?? ??? ??’?? ???. ?? ???, ???, ???? ? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ‘??? ?? ??? ??’?? ???. ?? ???, ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????. ? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ???, ??? ?? ? ?????. ? ??? ??? ??? ‘famous crescendo’(??? ???)?? ??? ?????. ?? ? ??? ????? ?????.

? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1952? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ? ?? ???? 11? ????. ‘from every mountainside, let freedom ring’ ??? ??? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ? ??? ?????? ?? ????. ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ‘??’?? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ??? 2?? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????. “Somebody always gets their first, but there‘s somebody else who does more with it.”(???? ? ??? ??. ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????)

?? ?? 360

?? ??? ????? ???? 8? ???? ??? ?? ?? ‘??’(Barbie).

????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ????? ?? ???? ‘??’(Barbie)? ???, ??? ? 8? ???? ??? ????, ?? ??(??? ??)? ?? ???(?? ??)? ???? ????? ???? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????.

To say that I’m disappointed that they are not nominated in their respective categories would be an understatement.”
(??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???)

‘under’? ‘??’?? ????. ‘statement’? ‘??’??? ????. ‘understatement’(????????)? ‘?? ??’ ‘??? ??’? ????. ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????. ??? ’overstatement’? ‘?? ??’? ????, ‘exaggeration’(??????)???? ???.

‘understatement’? ?? ?? ?? ??? ‘to say that’?? ??? ‘understatement’? ?? ?? ????. ‘that ???? ??? ?? ??????’?? ????. ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ???. ???? ????? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????. ‘respective’? ‘??’??? ??????. ??? ???? ? ??? ‘respectively’? ???? ‘??? ??’?? ?? ???.

?? ?? ????

???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ‘??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??’ ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ?????. ??? 2018? 11? 6? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????. ?? ???? ????? ??? ? ? ???? ??? ???. ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ? ????.

2014? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??, ??? ????

???? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????. ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????(racially charged) ???? ?? ?? ????. ?? ??? ? ? ?????.

This elections is so cotton-picking important to the state of Florida.”
(?? ??? ?????? ?? ????)

‘cotton-picking’? ‘??? ??’?? ????. ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????. ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ??????. ‘cotton-picking’? ‘?????’?? ????. ?? ???? ???? ???. ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????. ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ‘cotton-picking’??? ????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. “Are you out of your cotton-picking mind?”(?? ?????)

I realized I was getting gypped.”
(?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????)

?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ‘gyp’(?)? ?? ???? ??(gypsy)?? ??? ??? ‘???’ ‘???? ???’?? ????. ???? ‘???’ ‘???’ ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????. ? ??? ??? ????. ?? ??????? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????. ‘gypped’ ??? ‘duped’ ‘cheated’ ? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????.