?? -5·?? -9?…??? ??? ‘??’

???? 19? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????.

???? ??(19?) ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????????.

?? ????? –9~4?(??-8~2?), ? ????? 3~11?(?? 3~10?)? ??? ??? ??? ????.

??? ?? ????? Δ?? -5? Δ?? -4? Δ?? –6? Δ?? –9? Δ?? 1? Δ?? -5? Δ?? -2? Δ?? 4? Δ?? -2? Δ?? -1? Δ?? 6?, ? ????? Δ?? 4? Δ?? 3? Δ?? 4? Δ?? 3? Δ?? 10? Δ?? 6? Δ?? 8? Δ?? 11? Δ?? 7? Δ?? 7? Δ?? 9?? ????.

???? ????. ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ????? ‘??’~‘??’?? ????.

??? ??? ??? ?? ????? 0.5~2.0m, ?? ????? 1.0~2.5m, ??? ?? ????? ?? 2.5m, ?? ????? ?? 3.5m? ??.