???? ????? ??(家計)? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ?????? ????. ???(明治)????? ?? ??? 20～60? ?? 8?18?? ???? ??? ‘?? ?? ????’ ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????.
‘???? ????? ??? ???’?? ??? ???? 74.4%? “???”? ????. ?? ‘????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???’?? ???? 21%? “?? ?? ?????”? ??? ?? “?? ????”? ??(4.9%)?? ?? ???.‘???? ?? ??? ?? ???’?? ??(????)?? ‘???’(46.6%)? ????? ???? ‘???’(30.8%) ‘??? ??’(29.3%) ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???.
?? ???? ??? ???? 35.6%? “???”? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????. ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? 3?? 1? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????.
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