???? ???? ????? ???(summons)? ??(issue)??. ??? ??(defendant)? summons? complaint? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? (jurisdiction)? ??. summons? complaint? ?? ??? ???? ?? serve the process?? ??.

??? ??? complaint? ?? ???(answer)? ????. ??? ??? ?? ?? (discovery)? ? ? ??. discovery? ?? ?? ?? (request for production of ducments), ?? ??(written interrogatories)? ?? ??(deposition)? ??. deposition? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? (under oath)? ??? ??? ???? ???. ?? ??? ???(court reporter)? ????? ?? ??? ?(transcript)?? ???.

??(trial)? ??? (jury) ??? ?? jury trial?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? court trial? ??. ??????? jury trial? ?? ??? ???. ??? ?? ????? ?? (witness)? ?? (examine)?? ??? ????.

jury trial? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? (deliberation)? ??? ?? (verdict)? ???. ??? verdict? ??? ?? (judgment)? ???. ?? ??? ??? ??? verdict? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??.

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